Profies in Courage by Former President John F. Kennedy

Advanced Government In the novel Profiles in Courage, by former President John F. Kennedy, politicians are recognized for their bravery on the job. These politicians spoke out against what they believed was wrong, and didn’t simply conform into what their party wanted them to be. A recent politician, who has showed immense bravery, is Gabrielle Giffords. She is a democrat from Arizona, who was shot in the head in 2011. It was most likely she would die. However, miraculously Giffords pulled through, and make a remarkable recovery. I believe that Gifford’s story would make an excellent chapter in Profiles in Courage. Gabrielle Dee Giffords was born and raised in Tucson Arizona on June 8, 1970. Her parents were Gloria Kay Giffords and Spencer J. Giffords. Her father was a Jewish man, and her mother practiced Christian Science, therefore she was free to choose her beliefs. However, she decided to identify as Jewish. This made her Arizona’s first ever Jewish congresswoman. Giffords graduated from University High School in Tucson Arizona. Then, she went on to attend Acripps College where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in both Sociology and Latin American History. Next, she earned her Master’s degree in Regional Planning from Cornell University. Her first job was at Price Waterhouse in New York City, were she worked as an associate for regional economic development. In 2007, Giffords married Mark Kelly, who is a former U.S. Navy Captain and an astronaut for NASA on

Title IX was put in place to help women. This act was...

Title IX was put in place to help women. This act was supposed to stop situations such as unfair media attention, but has it helped? According to the article Media Coverage of Womens Sport: A New Look at an Old Problem, â€Å"There is evidence that these injustices are not diminishing over time, as Duncan and Messner (2000), in their longitudinal analysis, found the amount and type of coverage of womens sport in broadcast media has not changed since 1989† (Cunningham 44). The problem of inequality within media has been a problem for years and there haven’t been improvements. It has been said over the years that the amount of media coverage may vary depending on what female sport it is. Cunningham says, â€Å"Several authors have found that women†¦show more content†¦Media coverage for women’s sports needs to rise and hopefully Title IX will soon have an effect. Title XI was created to open doors for women, but not at the expense of closing doors for me n. This law rules that a college’s percentage of each gender athletic must coincide with the number of gender enrollment within the school. According to a U.S News article Title XI Dark Legacy, â€Å"Colleges pursuing proportionality can try to increase the number of female athletes so that women account for 57 percent of athletes, or—the more surefire and less costly path—eliminate male athletes from the roster† (Lukas 1). Why should men get cut just to make sure that there are enough women within athletics? There isn’t any equality in the situation if one or the other sacrifice for the other. College athletics need to try gain more money and more female athletes so they can afford them and males won’t have to get cut. Not only are male players getting cut from rosters, but some male sports are getting cut all together just to accommodate for female sports. In 2007, the College Sports Council conducted an analysis of NCAA data between the years of 1981-2005. They realized the number of female athletes per college increased by 34%, as well at the number of women’s teams. They also realized that the number of male athletes per school decreased by 6% and the number of male teams decreased by 17% (Lukas 1). In 1994, the reverse discrimination caseShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 PagesBookRags The Razors Edge Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide−razors−edge/ Copyright Information  ©2000−2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical OverviewRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 PagesPROPAGANDA By EDWARD L. BERNAYS 1928 CONTENTS I. II. III. 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Statistics in Psychology

Question: Upon completion of this lab, you should be able to: 1. Calculate the average of a set of data in Microsoft Excel; 2. Run a t-test comparing two sets of data in Microsoft Excel; 3. Describe the basic function of attention; 4. Describe exogenous and endogenous attention; 5. Appreciate how reaction times can be used to investigate cognition; 6. Draw preliminary conclusions from reaction time data. Answer: Laboratory 1 : Visual Attention After the Experiment the data is given as follows : Data INDIVIDUAL DATA Exogenous Cue Valid Exogenous Cue Invalid Endogenous Cue Valid Endogenous Cue Invalid RT Means 0.450 0.552 0.437 0.572 Cueing Effect -0.102 -0.135 t-test p-value 0.000 0.000 GROUP DATA Exogenous Cue Valid Exogenous Cue Invalid Endogenous Cue Valid Endogenous Cue Invalid RT Grand Means 0.433 0.503 0.417 0.508 Cueing Effect -0.070 -0.091 1. The column chart showing the mean RTs of the four conditions is Figure 1 : Column chart of Valid RTof Four Conditions (Source : Created by Author ) 2. Based on the experiment that was conducted, there was significant cueing effect in endogenous stimuli. This can be verified from the value of endogenous cueing (-0.135) which is more than the value of exogenous cueing (-0.102). Moreover, for both endogenous and exogenous cueing the p-value is 0.000. Thus, we fail to reject the Null hypothesis. Hence, we can say that there are differences between the means of the Valid and Invalid cues for both endogenous and exogenous cues. We may also say that there is relationship between valid cues and invalid cues. The differences between the means may be caused by our ability to react to a given stimuli. 3. Based upon my individual data it can be said that endogenous cueing had a larger effect. This can be attributed to the different types of orientation that the arrows as endogenous stimuli elicit. This may also be attributed to the fact that we learn to ignore distracters. This a part of the development pattern. Our ability as adults to shift attention is developed as we reach teenage. Until early adolescence children make errors and respond to stimuli that is irrelevant. This is since the frontal cortex that is responsible for ignoring the distracters are not fully developed in adolescents. The ability to filter out distracters develops at different rates and is dependent of the growth of the frontal cortex. 4. The data of the class is very similar to my individual data. In both the cases the endogenous stimuli has a larger and more significant effect than exogenous cueing. 5. Two types of cues were implemented. The first one is endogenous cueing. In this we test the presence of arrows at a particular location. This has a very high level of control. The instruction to find the cue is with visual sign. This is a type of top-down control. This is somewhat based on what the observer believes. The second one is exogenous cueing. In this the target location changed color. This has a low-level of control. Exogenous cue draws our attention by the use of a flash or movement. This is also known as bottom-up control of attention and is based on what the observer actually sees. (Moher Egeth, 2012). Valid cues were those in which we pointed towards the location where the stimulus would occur. The stimulus in exogenous cueing was the change in color. This change in color attracts our attention and gives rise to stimuli. The cue is valid for 25% of the trials. The stimulus in endogenous cueing was as arrow pointing to a particular location. The cue is valid for 75% of the trials. Invalid cueing occurred when we pointed away from the location / presence of stimulus. Thus in the case of endogenous cueing when we pointed away from the particular location then it was considered as invalid cue. Similarly in the case of exogenous stimulus an invalid cue occurred when we pointed to the wrong frame. (van Ede, de Lange Maris, 2012). The presence of arrows at a particular location is more predictive. This type of cueing is known as endogenous cueing. This is because the target i.e., an arrow pointing to a particular location is encountered by us very frequently. An arrow in our daily life generally signifies the path that should be followed. Thus, our eyes are adept at following an arrow. More importantly, we can predict the presence of a target. Thus we respond faster when the direction of the arrow and the target match. Moreover arrows are very suitable for investigating the involuntary attention (Schneider Wascher, 2013).When stimuli (arrow) appeared at the cued location then the reaction is shorter. When the arrow appeared at a non-cued location then the reaction got larger (Olk, et al., 2014). References : Moher, J., Egeth, H. E. (2012). The ignoring paradox: Cueing distractor features leads first to selection, then to inhibition of to-be-ignored items.Attention, Perception, Psychophysics,74(8), 1590-1605. Olk, B., Tsankova, E., Petca, A. R., Wilhelm, A. F. (2014). Measuring effects of voluntary attention: A comparison among predictive arrow, colour, and number cues.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,67(10), 2025-2041. Schneider, D., Wascher, E. (2013). Mechanisms of target localization in visual change detection: an interplay of gating and filtering.Behavioural brain research,256, 311-319. Van Ede, F., de Lange, F. P., Maris, E. (2012). Attentional cues affect accuracy and reaction time via different cognitive and neural processes. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(30), 10408-10412.

Morning School Assembly free essay sample

Good Friday commemorates the  crucifixion of Jesus. It is the most solemn day in the Christian calendar. The dates of Good Friday, which vary each year, occur between March 20th  and April 23rd. It falls on the last Friday before  Easter. It is the pinnacle of the Holy Week. All Christians observe this day with great humility and reverence. It is this spirit of humility and reverence that is reflected in each of the  Good Friday PowerPoints, which can be used as a preaching aid on Good Friday. As early as the first century, the Church set aside every Friday as a special day of prayer and fasting. It was not until the fourth century, however, that the Church began observing the Friday before Easter as the day associated with the crucifixion of Christ. First called Holy or Great Friday by the Greek Church, the name Good Friday was adopted by the Roman Church around the sixth or seventh century. We will write a custom essay sample on Morning School Assembly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This collection of  Good Friday videos  reflect the types of traditions associated with the history of Good Friday. There are two possible origins for the name Good Friday. The first may have come from the Gallican Church in Gaul (modern-day France and Germany). The name Gute Freitag is Germanic in origin and literally means good or holy Friday. The second possibility is a variation on the name Gods Friday, where the word good was used to replace the word God, which was often viewed as too holy to be spoken aloud. Good Friday rituals and traditions are distinct from every other Church observances. They add to Good Fridays significance. The ceremony is somber, with priests and deacons dressing in black vestments. The pulpit and the altar are bare; no candles are lit. The purpose behind the solemn presentation is to create an awareness of grief over the sacrifice of Gods only begotten Son. Today, many churches hold special services on Good Friday evening to commemorate this important day. (View our collection of flyersdesigned to announce Good Friday services)   At the noon hour comes the Adoration of the Cross, where a representation of the True Cross is unveiled and the clergy and laity pay homage to the sacrifice of Christ. In the Jerusalem Church, a remnant of the True Cross itself is presented for the ceremony. Next comes the Mass of the Presanctified, in which the priest or church official takes Communion from the host that was blessed during the  Maundy Thursday  ceremony. The ceremony concludes around 3 p. m. with a procession, which is followed by evening prayers. To many Christians, Good Friday is a day of sorrow mingled with joy. It is a time to grieve over the sin of man and to meditate and rejoice upon Gods love in giving His only Son for the redemption of sin.

The Ancient Mesopotamian Urban Community of Ur

The Ancient Mesopotamian Urban Community of Ur The Mesopotamian city of Ur, known as Tell al-Muqayyar and the biblical Ur of the Chaldees), was an important Sumerian city-state between about 2025-1738 BC. Located near the modern town of Nasiriyah in far southern Iraq, on a now-abandoned channel of the Euphrates river, Ur covered about 25 hectares (60 acres), surrounded by a city wall. When British archaeologist Charles Leonard Woolley excavated in the 1920s and 1930s, the city was a tell- a great artificial hill over seven meters (23 feet) high composed of centuries of building and rebuilding mud-brick structures, one stacked on top of another. Chronology of Southern Mesopotamia The following chronology of Southern Mesopotamia is simplified somewhat from that suggested by the School of American Research Advanced Seminar in 2001, based primarily on pottery and other artifact styles and reported in Ur 2010. Old Babylonian (Late Bronze Age, 1800-1600 BC)Isin-Larsa Dynasties (Middle Bronze Age, 2000-1800 BC)Ur III (2100-2000 BC)Akkadian (Early Bronze Age, 2300-2100 BC)Early Dynastic I-III (Sumerian, 3000-2300 BC)Late Uruk (Late Chalcolithic, 3300-3000 BC)Middle Uruk (3800-3300 BC)Early Uruk  (4100-3800 BC)Late Ubaid (4400-4100 BC)Ubaid Period (5900-4400 BC) The earliest known occupations at Ur city date to the Ubaid period of the late 6th millennium BC. By about 3000 BC, Ur covered a total area of 15 ha (37 ac) including early temple sites. Ur reached its maximum size of 22 ha (54 ac) during the Early Dynastic Period of the early 3rd millennium BC  when Ur was one of the most important capitals of the Sumerian civilization. Ur continued as a minor capital for Sumer and succeeding civilizations, but during the 4th century BC, the Euphrates changed course, and the city was abandoned. Living in Sumerian Ur During Urs heyday in the Early Dynastic period, four main residential areas of the city included homes made of baked mud brick foundations arranged along long, narrow, winding streets and alleyways. Typical houses included an open central courtyard with two or more main living rooms in which the families resided. Each house had a domestic chapel where cult structures and the family burial vault was kept. Kitchens, stairways, workrooms, lavatories were all part of the household structures. The houses were packed in very tightly together, with exterior walls of one household immediately abutting the next one. Although the cities appear very closed off, the interior courtyards and wide streets provided light, and the close-set houses protected the exposure of the exterior walls to heating especially during the hot summers. Royal Cemetery Between 1926 and 1931, Woolleys investigations at Ur focused on the Royal Cemetery, where he eventually excavated approximately 2,100 graves, within an area of 70x55 m (230x180 ft): Woolley estimated there were up to three times as many burials originally. Of those, 660 were determined to be dated to the Early Dynastic IIIA (2600-2450 BC)period, and Woolley designated 16 of those as royal tombs. These tombs had a stone-built chamber with multiple rooms, where the principal royal burial was placed. Retainerspeople who presumably served the royal personage and were buried with him or herwere found in a pit outside of the chamber or adjacent to it. The largest of these pits, called death pits by Woolley, held the remains of 74 people. Woolley came to the conclusion that the attendants had willingly drunk some drug and then lay down in rows to go with their master or mistress. The most spectacular royal graves in Urs Royal Cemetery were those of Private Grave 800, belonging to a richly adorned queen identified as Puabi or Pu-abum, approximately 40 years old; and PG 1054 with an unidentified female. The largest death pits were PG 789, called the Kings Grave, and PG 1237, the Great Death Pit. the tomb chamber of 789 had been robbed in antiquity, but its death pit contained the bodies of 63 retainers. PG 1237 held 74 retainers, most of which were four rows of elaborately dressed women arranged around a set of musical instruments. Recent analysis (Baadsgaard and colleagues) of a sample of skulls from several pits at Ur suggests that, rather than being poisoned, the retainers were killed by blunt force trauma, as ritual sacrifices. After they were killed, an attempt was made to preserve the bodies, using a combination of heat treatment and the application of mercury; and then the bodies were dressed in their finery and laid in rows in the pits. Archaeology at the City of Ur Archaeologists associated with Ur included J.E. Taylor, H.C. Rawlinson, Reginald Campbell Thompson, and, most importantly, C. Leonard Woolley. Woolleys investigations of Ur lasted 12 years from 1922 and 1934, including five years focusing on the Royal Cemetery of Ur, including the graves of Queen Puabi and King Meskalamdug. One of his primary assistants was Max Mallowan, then married to mystery writer Agatha Christie, who visited Ur and based her Hercule Poirot novel   Murder in Mesopotamia on the excavations there. Important discoveries at Ur included the Royal Cemetery, where rich Early Dynastic burials were found by Woolley in the 1920s; and thousands of clay tablets impressed with cuneiform writing which describe in detail the lives and thoughts of Urs inhabitants. Sources Baadsgaard A, Monge J, Cox S, and Zettler RL. 2011.  Human sacrifice and intentional corpse preservation in the Royal Cemetery of Ur.  Antiquity 85(327):27-42.Dickson DB. 2006. Public Transcripts Expressed in Theatres of Cruelty: the Royal Graves at Ur in Mesopotamia.  Cambridge Archaeological Journal  16(2):123–144. Jansen M, Aulbach S, Hauptmann A, Hà ¶fer HE, Klein S, Krà ¼ger M, and Zettler RL. 2016. Platinum group placer minerals in ancient gold artifacts – Geochemistry and osmium isotopes of inclusions in Early Bronze Age gold from Ur/Mesopotamia. Journal of Archaeological Science 68:12-23.Kenoyer JM, Price TD, and Burton JH. 2013. A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(5):2286-2297.Miller NF. 2013. Symbols of Fertility and Abundance in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, Iraq. American Journal of Archaeology 117(1):127- 133. Oates J, McMahon A, Karsgaard P, Al Quntar S, and Ur J. 2007. Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north.  Antiquity  81:585-600. Rawcliffe C, Aston M, Lowings A, Sharp MC, and Watkins KG. 2005. Laser Engraving Gulf Pearl ShellAiding the Reconstruction of the Lyre of Ur.  Lacona VI.Shepperson M. 2009.  Planning for the sun: urban forms as a Mesopotamian response to the sun.  World Archaeology  41(3):363–378.Tengberg M, Potts DT, and Francfort H-P. 2008.  The golden leaves of Ur.  Antiquity  82:925-936.Ur J. 2014. Households and the emergence of cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24(2):249-268.Ur J, Karsgaard P, and Oates J. 2011. The Spatial Dimensions of Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: The Tell Brak Suburban Survey, 2003-2006. Iraq 73:1-19.

Clichés Dont Belong in Professional Writing

Clichà ©s Dont Belong in Professional Writing Clichà ©s Don’t Belong in Professional Writing Clichà ©s Don’t Belong in Professional Writing By Mary Some of the common clichà © phrases that we find ourselves using every day do not belong in professional writing. This has become abundantly clear to me as it has become more commonplace for me to work with international clients. As an American, I am familiar with the intended meaning of a number of common sayings that really don’t make much sense when interpreted literally or translated into another language. I was writing an e-mail message to a client in another country, and I found myself typing something to the effect of making sure we were â€Å"on the same page.† I stopped and look at what I wrote, and realized that what I wrote wasn’t really what I meant. The next day, I found myself writing an e-mail to a co-worker that said that I wasn’t â€Å"at the top of my game† that day. Hmm †¦ another phrase that really doesn’t make sense if you don’t know the implied meaning. Someone not familiar with American vernacular would not be likely to understand these phrases. Even if my clients and business associates do know what I mean when I use clichà ©d phrases like these, they might find it not professional. Look at the phrases that you use when you write and see if they make sense when translated literally. If they don’t, replace them with language that is clear and direct, with no room for misunderstanding. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsConfused Words #3: Lose, Loose, LossWhen to Spell Out Numbers

Mini assignments Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mini assignments - Coursework Example However, the premises are not accurate. This makes the argument valid, but not sound. A valid deductive argument that is sound: Premise: Either I own a dog or a cat. Premise: I do not own a cat. Conclusion: Therefore, I must own a dog. This argument can be valid and sound. It is possible that I own a cat or a dog, but not both. It is possible I own a dog. It also cannot be true that I own a cat because of one of the premises. The only conclusion is I own a dog. 2. Inductive Language Construct an inductive argument for a specific conclusion. Then, explain what you might do to make this inductive argument stronger, either by revising the premises or by revising the conclusion. Inductive argument for a specific conclusion: Premise: John is a redhead. Premise: Jay is a redhead. Premise: Jennifer is a redhead. Premise: John, Jay, and Jennifer are siblings. Premise: John, Jay, and Jennifer’s parents are redheads. Conclusion: Parents with red hair have a good chance of having childre n with red hair. This is an inductive argument because the conclusion is more than likely correct. However, it is not as strong as it could be. Here is another argument that might be stronger. Premise: John is a redhead. Premise: Jay is a redhead. Premise: Jennifer is a redhead. Premise: John, Jay, and Jennifer are siblings. Premise: John, Jay, and Jennifer’s parents are redheads. ... Give an explanation of why each makes a mistake in drawing the conclusion it does. Review your classmates’ examples and see if they, in fact, commit the fallacy identified. Ad Hominem Fallacy Premise: Adolf Hitler was German Premise: Adolf Hitler waged a genocide war against the Jews, mentally ill, and Slavic people. Premise: Hitler was evil. Conclusion: Therefore all Germans are evil. This is an Ad Hominem Fallacy because it is based on a person’s, Hitler, character. Begging the Question Premise: Adultery is always wrong. Premise: Jane has committed adultery. Conclusion: Therefore, Jane is always wrong. This is Begging the Question Fallacy because it has circular reasoning. Jane is wrong because she committed adultery. Adultery is wrong, so Jane is wrong for committing it. Hasty Generalization Premise: My computer is an Acer. Premise: My computer’s hard drive crashed because of a virus. Conclusion: All Acer computers have hard drives that crash. This is a Hasty Generalization. Just because my computer crashed due to a virus does not mean all Acer computers have hard drives that crash. I might not have had the right anti-virus protection on my computer, or I could have bought a damaged computer. Just because one product fails does not mean the whole line of products will fail. 4. The Media and Fallacies One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet (including, of course, commercials.) Identify two distinct fallacies you see committed in the media. Do you think it is more likely that you will not be fooled by these fallacies having studied logic? What do you think those